Cespedes' 1st big league HR leads A's over M's 4-1

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/cespedes-1st-big-league-hr-leads-over-ms-150043337--mlb.html

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Sustainable Energy Roadmaps Chart Course to Healthier ...

WASHINGTON--(ENEWSPF)--March 29 - By embracing an integrated mix of renewable energy, energy efficiency, and grid technologies, countries can put their energy systems on a more sustainable path while developing economically, according to a new report from the Worldwatch Institute. The report, Sustainable Energy Roadmaps: Guiding the Global Shift to Domestic Renewables, lays out an innovative, targeted approach that details how countries can take specific technical, policy, governance, and financial steps to help make the shift to sustainable energy a reality.

"Still today, an estimated 1.3 billion people worldwide lack access to electricity, and another 1 billion have unreliable access," said Alexander Ochs, Director of Worldwatch's Climate and Energy Program and the lead author of the report. "But expanding fossil fuels is not the solution to the world's energy challenges. We need solutions that are economically, socially and environmentally sustainable----many of which are now at hand. Implementing our Sustainable Energy Roadmaps will enable decision makers to pursue strategies that are in the true interest of their people while protecting Earth's climate."

To develop a Sustainable Energy Roadmap, Worldwatch analyzes an area's potential for energy efficiency gains and undertakes detailed GIS mapping of local renewable energy resources, including wind, solar, and biomass. The Institute also produces an infrastructure inventory that assesses solutions for grid renovation and energy storage. In addition to technical analysis, the Roadmaps explore the socioeconomic impacts of diverse energy pathways, including the potential for sustainable energy development to create jobs and reduce healthcare and electricity costs. Worldwatch's Roadmaps can be applied almost anywhere----in industrialized and developing countries----and at multiple levels of political organization, from the municipal to the regional.

"When governments, energy specialists, and the public join in a guided conversation to consider their country's energy status and potential, they can see more easily the options for freeing themselves from dependence on imported fossil fuels," said Worldwatch President Robert Engelman. "The Roadmaps show a route to sustained long-term economic development, universal energy access, cleaner local environments, healthier populations, and carbon-free energy systems. It's impressive that some developing countries are now poised to make this shift more rapidly than many countries that are much wealthier."

The burning of coal, oil, and other fossil fuels is a leading driver of global climate change and many other environmental and socioeconomic problems worldwide. Air pollution from fossil fuel combustion contributes to smog, water pollution, and acid rain and can trigger or exacerbate health conditions, including chronic respiratory and heart disease, lung cancer, and asthma. Many countries rely heavily on fossil fuel imports, making them dependent on foreign energy supplies and vulnerable to price fluctuations on the global market. Competition among energy-insecure countries over dwindling fossil fuel resources also contributes to civil or international conflicts, creating an unnecessary obstacle to development and prosperity in many regions.

Due in large part to massive subsidies to fossil fuels, the world's energy resources are not utilized as effectively or efficiently as they could be. Coal, oil, and natural gas still account for more than 80 percent of the world's primary energy consumption, despite the adverse impacts of these fuels on the well-being of both present and future generations. And although energy production from all major renewable energy sources----wind, solar, biomass, hydro, and geothermal----is booming, it remains far from its full potential. Developing local renewable energy resources, alongside job training and education programs, can provide quality long-term employment and help countries build strong economies with sustained growth.

In Sustainable Energy Roadmaps, Worldwatch emphasizes four key components that can help countries and regions transition successfully to sustainable energy use:

• Capture synergies from energy efficiency and renewable energy. Expanding both energy efficiency and renewable energy capacity simultaneously results in increased energy benefits. Reducing energy demand through efficiency measures means that renewable energy can displace fossil fuels more rapidly. At the same time, many sources of renewable energy, such as solar photovoltaic (PV), have much higher efficiency rates than conventional energy sources. And, since renewable energy is often produced at or close to the location where it is consumed, less energy is lost in distribution through the grid.
• Integrate multiple renewable energy sites and sources. One challenge to a rapid transition to a renewable energy economy is the "variability" of renewable resources such as wind and solar: power generation depends on factors like the time of day, cloud cover, and wind patterns. Such variability can be reduced greatly by harnessing renewable resources from both different areas as well as different energy sources. In the Dominican Republic, for example, wind resources in the north are strongest in the early evening and peak in the winter months, whereas wind resources in the south are strongest in the morning and peak in the summer. Integrating wind power from both areas into the electricity system can provide a relatively consistent level of wind power throughout the day and year. Similarly, wind and solar power can be integrated with the burning of combustible renewable fuels such as biomass and biogas, which can provide reliable generation on short notice during periods of particularly high energy demand, or at times of low generation from other renewable sources.
• Promote strong and feasible policy solutions. Identifying both energy efficiency measures and strong renewable resource potentials are important steps to making smart energy planning decisions, but effective policies are vital to ensure that the benefits of sustainable energy are fully realized. A long-term vision for sustainable energy, concrete policy tools and incentives, and a streamlined and transparent governance structure are all important to creating a stable and profitable investment environment for scaled-up investments in energy efficiency and renewable energy. Analyzing the regulatory environment in a country or region is an important first step to understanding what policy tools are most effective and politically acceptable. A toolbox full of proven effective and affordable mechanisms exists, and best practices from around the world provide important guidance for action. But ultimately, policymakers must decide which concrete tools to apply.
• Identify lifecycle costs and financing opportunities. Around the world, renewable energy is already cost-competitive with fossil fuels----if the long-term economic and societal costs are taken into account. But fossil fuels benefit from decades of subsidies and the support of powerful interests. It is therefore essential that energy developers seeking to pursue energy efficiency and renewable energy projects gain access to appropriate financing tools. Because the renewable energy industry is still relatively new, there is a general lack of knowledge on the part of investors and banks about how to effectively fund such projects. Capacity building within the financial sector is necessary to develop long-term loans for renewable energy development and to minimize the perceived riskiness of sustainable energy investment. Options within domestic public funds, multilateral lending agencies, and bilateral financing must be explored, and networks between the key finance actors must be actively promoted.

In October 2011, Worldwatch released the first detailed country study implementing its roadmap approach, a wind and solar roadmap for the Dominican Republic entitled Roadmap to a Sustainable Energy System: Harnessing the Dominican Republic's Wind and Solar Resources. The Institute is currently developing national Sustainable Energy Roadmaps for the governments of the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Jamaica. Worldwatch recently embarked on its first project at the regional level, providing advice to the seven member countries of the Central American Integration System (SICA). The Institute is actively exploring opportunities elsewhere to help decision makers pursue a strategy for transitioning to domestic sustainable energy solutions.?

The Worldwatch Institute is an independent research organization recognized by opinion leaders around the world for its accessible, fact-based analysis of critical global issues. Its mission is to generate and promote insights and ideas that empower decision makers to build an ecologically sustainable society that meets human needs. ? ?

Source: http://www.enewspf.com/latest-news/science-a-environmental/32134-sustainable-energy-roadmaps-chart-course-to-healthier-economies-and-societies.html

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'Thermal cloak' hides from heat

27 March 2012 Last updated at 05:46 ET

The range of physical phenomena that scientists are trying to "cloak" objects from has a new entry - heat.

French researchers have shown how to apply the ideas of "optical cloaking" - the endeavour to make a Harry Potter-style cloak - to the thermal world.

The applications for the idea, outlined in Optics Express, stretch beyond hiding from thermal-imaging devices.

It could also be used to direct and move heat around in temperature-sensitive electronics.

There has been a tremendous amount of research into what is called transformation optics since it was first proposed as a means to an invisibility cloak in 2006.

So far, all of the cloaking approaches have limitations that keep them well short of the invisibility promised in fiction. But more recently, similar ideas have been put to use to shield objects from magnetic fields, or even from sound or seismic waves.

All of these approaches aim to manipulate the peaks and troughs of waves to achieve their cloaking effects.

But as Sebastien Guenneau of the Institut Fresnel in France explained, the transfer of heat is a subtly different business.

"Heat isn't a wave - it simply diffuses from hot to cold regions," he said.

"The mathematics and physics at play are much different. For instance, a wave can travel long distances with little attenuation, whereas temperature usually diffuses over smaller distances."

The trick was to apply the mathematics of transformation optics to the equations describing diffusion; the result, Dr Guenneau and his colleagues found, was a means to shuttle heat around at will.

They proposed a cloak made of 20 rings of material, each with its own "diffusivity" - the degree to which it can transmit and dissipate heat.

"We can design a cloak so that heat diffuses around an invisibility region, which is then protected from heat," Dr Guenneau explained.

"Or we can force heat to concentrate in a small volume, which will then heat up very rapidly."

It is this ability to direct and concentrate heat that may find first application, for instance in the microelectronics industry, where the heat load in specific areas remains a difficult challenge to engineers.

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/go/rss/int/news/-/news/science-environment-17518210

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Inhabitat's Week in Green: supersonic biplane, urban algae farm and magnetic tattoos

Each week our friends at Inhabitat recap the week's most interesting green developments and clean tech news for us -- it's the Week in Green.

Energy-efficient transportation soared to new heights this week as MIT unveiled designs for a supersonic biplane that promises to be the successor to the Concorde. Meanwhile Boeing, Airbus and Embraer partnered to develop a new breed of affordable biofuels, and Volkswagen used space foil to make cars safer. In hot car news, Porsche announced plans to release a plug-in hybrid Panamera in 2014, and we brought you sneak peeks of several sexy electric vehicles that will be unveiled at the New York Auto Show in just over a week: Fisker's Nina plug-in hybrid and Infiniti's new Nissan leaf-based EV.

On the subject of energy efficiency, it was a big week for clean tech as Inhabitat reported that the world's most powerful wind turbine was just installed off the Belgian coast, and the National Ignition Facility flipped the switch on the world's first two-megajoule ultraviolet laser in an attempt to unlock nuclear fusion. Meanwhile, scientists discovered a link between trees and electricity by studying the way they affecty the concentration of positive and negative ions in the air, and OriginOil announced plans for an urban algae farm near Paris that will heat buildings while treating wastewater. The solar industry heard good news this week as a report showed that solar installations in the US more than doubled in 2011, and President Obama toured the states touting his "all of the above" approach to energy.

This week Inhabitat also showcased several amazing public infrastructure projects - including a series of gigantic fruit-shaped bus shelters in Japan, gmp Architekten's gorgeous new Hangzhou South Railway Station, the fresh new designs for section 3 of NYC's High Line elevated park, and a soaring 30-storey-tall wood skyscraper in Vancouver.

In robot news, a Virginia Tech team created a self-charging robo-Jellyfish that harvests hydrogen fuel from water, and we shared 6 incredible inventions made possible by nanotechnology. F.A.T. Labs released a Free Universal Construction Kit that can connect LEGOs to 8 other types of building blocks, and Amazon purchased a robot company to improve working conditions in its warehouses. As most of you probably know, This American Life issued a retraction of its Apple factory exposé - and while Mike Daisey may lost his credibility, we believe strongly that distrust in the integrity of his "reporting", should not be a reason for consumers to turn a blind eye to working conditions at Foxconn and other electronics ODMs. This week Nokia filed a patent for magnetic tattoos that could vibrate when someone calls, and we learned that free smartphone applications could consume 75% more energy than paid versions. Speaking of mobile phones, new research linked cellphone radiation during pregnancy to behavioral disorders in offspring so we looked at ways pregnant mothers can protect their babies from potential cellphone radiation exposure. Last but not least, we brought you an interesting high-tech clothing concept from Stella McCartney - a sports bra with a built-in heart sensor.

Inhabitat's Week in Green: supersonic biplane, urban algae farm and magnetic tattoos originally appeared on Engadget on Sun, 25 Mar 2012 20:26:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Source: http://www.engadget.com/2012/03/25/supersonic-biplane-robot-jellyfish-high-line-fisker-nissan/

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US to pursue 'non-lethal' aid for Syrian rebels (The Arizona Republic)

Share With Friends: | | Politics - Top Stories Stories, RSS and RSS Feed via Feedzilla.

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Highly flexible despite hard-wiring: Even slight stimuli change the information flow in the brain

ScienceDaily (Mar. 23, 2012) ? One cup or two faces? What we believe we see in one of the most famous optical illusions changes in a split second; and so does the path that the information takes in the brain. In a new theoretical study, scientists of the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, the Bernstein Center G?ttingen and the German Primate Center now show how this is possible without changing the cellular links of the network. The direction of information flow changes, depending on the time pattern of communication between brain areas. This reorganisation can be triggered even by a slight stimulus, such as a scent or sound, at the right time.

The way that the different regions of the brain are connected with each other plays a significant role for information processing. This processing can be changed by the assembling and disassembling of nerve fibres joining distant brain circuits. But such events are much too slow to explain rapid changes in perception. From experimental studies it was known that the responsible actions must be at least two orders of magnitude faster. The G?ttingen scientists now show for the first time that it is possible to change the information flow in a tightly interconnected network in a simple manner.

Many areas of the brain display a rhythmic nerve cell activity. "The interacting brain areas are like metronomes that tick at the same speed and in a distinct temporal pattern," says the physicist and principal investigator Demian Battaglia. The researchers were now able to demonstrate that this temporal pattern determines the information flow. "If one of the metronomes is affected, e.g. through an external stimulus, then it changes beat, ticking in an altered temporal pattern compared to the others. The other areas adapt to this new situation through self-organisation and start playing a different drum beat as well. It is therefore sufficient to impact one of the areas in the network to completely reorganize its functioning, as we have shown in our model," explains Battaglia.

The applied perturbation does not have to be particularly strong. "It is more important that the 'kick' occurs at exactly the right time of the rhythm," says Battaglia. This might play a significant role for perception processes: "When viewing a picture, we are trained to recognize faces as quickly as possible -- even if there aren't any," points out the G?ttingen researcher. "But if we smell a fragrance reminiscent of wine, we immediately see the cup in the picture. This allows us to quickly adjust to things that we did not expect, changing the focus of our attention."

Next, the scientists want to test the model on networks with a more realistic anatomy. They also hope that the findings inspire future experimental studies, as Battaglia says: "It would be fantastic if, in some years, certain brain areas could be stimulated so finely and precisely that the theoretically predicted effects can be measured through imaging methods."

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, via AlphaGalileo.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

---

Journal Reference:

1. Demian Battaglia, Annette Witt, Fred Wolf, Theo Geisel. Dynamic Effective Connectivity of Inter-Areal Brain Circuits. PLoS Computational Biology, 2012; 8 (3): e1002438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002438

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/GC6RvxhBErU/120323205339.htm

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Shiny new tool for imaging biomolecules

ScienceDaily (Mar. 23, 2012) ? At the heart of the immune system that protects our bodies from disease and foreign invaders is a vast and complex communications network involving millions of cells, sending and receiving chemical signals that can mean life or death. At the heart of this vast cellular signaling network are interactions between billions of proteins and other biomolecules. These interactions, in turn, are greatly influenced by the spatial patterning of signaling and receptor molecules. The ability to observe signaling spatial patterns in the immune and other cellular systems as they evolve, and to study the impact on molecular interactions and, ultimately, cellular communication, would be a critical tool in the fight against immunological and other disorders that lead to a broad range of health problems including cancer. Such a tool is now at hand.

Researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley, have developed the first practical application of optical nanoantennas in cell membrane biology. A scientific team led by chemist Jay Groves has developed a technique for lacing artificial lipid membranes with billions of gold "bowtie" nanoantennas. Through the phenomenon known as "plasmonics," these nanoantennas can boost the intensity of a fluorescent or Raman optical signal from a protein passing through a plasmonic "hot-spot" tens of thousands of times without the protein ever being touched.

"Our technique is minimally invasive since enhancement of optical signals is achieved without requiring the molecules to directly interact with the nanoantenna," Groves says. "This is an important improvement over methods that rely on adsorption of molecules directly onto antennas where their structure, orientation, and behavior can all be altered."

Groves holds joint appointments with Berkeley Lab's Physical Biosciences Division and UC Berkeley's Chemistry Department, and is also a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator. He is the corresponding author of a paper that reports these results in the journal NanoLetters. The paper is titled "Single Molecule Tracking on Supported Membranes with Arrays of Optical Nanoantennas." Co-authoring the paper were Theo Lohmuller, Lars Iversen, Mark Schmidt, Christopher Rhodes, Hsiung-Lin Tu and Wan-Chen Lin.

Fluorescent emissions, in which biomolecules of interest are tagged with dyes that fluoresce when stimulated by light, and Raman spectroscopy, in which the scattering of light by molecular vibrations is used to identify and locate biomolecules, are work-horse optical imaging techniques whose value has been further enhanced by the emergence of plasmonics. In plasmonics, light waves are squeezed into areas with dimensions smaller than half-the-wavelength of the incident photons, making it possible to apply optical imaging techniques to nanoscale objects such as biomolecules. Nano-sized gold particles in the shape of triangles that are paired in a tip-to-tip formation, like a bow-tie, can serve as optical antennas, capturing and concentrating light waves into well-defined hot spots, where the plasmonic effect is greatly amplified. Although the concept is well-established, applying it to biomolecular studies has been a challenge because gold particle arrays must be fabricated with well-defined nanometer spacing, and molecules of interest must be delivered to plasmonic hot-spots.

"We're able to fabricate billions of gold nanoantennas in an artificial membrane through a combination of colloid lithography and plasma processing," Groves says. "Controlled spacing of the nanoantenna gaps is achieved by taking advantage of the fact that polystyrene particles melt together at their contact point during plasma processing. The result is well-defined spacing between each pair of gold triangles in the final array with a tip-to-tip distance between neighboring gold nanotriangles measuring in the 5-to-100 nanometer range."

Until now, Groves says, it has not been possible to decouple the size of the gold nanotriangles, which determines their surface plasmon resonance frequency, from the tip-to-tip distance between the individual nanoparticle features, which is responsible for enhancing the plasmonic effect. With their colloidal lithography approach, a self-assembling hexagonal monolayer of polymer spheres is used to shadow mask a substrate for subsequent deposition of the gold nanoparticles. When the colloidal mask is removed, what remains are large arrays of gold nanoparticles and triangles over which the artificial membrane can be formed.

The unique artificial membranes, which Groves and his research group developed earlier, are another key to the success of this latest achievement. Made from a fluid bilayer of lipid molecules, these membranes are the first biological platforms that can combine fixed nanopatterning with the mobility of fluid bilayers. They provide an unprecedented capability for the study of how the spatial patterns of chemical and physical properties on membrane surfaces influence the behavior of cells.

"When we embed our artificial membranes with gold nanoantennas we can trace the trajectories of freely diffusing individual proteins as they sequentially pass through and are enhanced by the multiple gaps between the triangles," Groves says. "This allows us to study a realistic system, like a cell, which can involve billions of molecules, without the static entrapment of the molecules."

As molecules in living cells are generally in a state of perpetual motion, it is often their movement and interactions with other molecules rather than static positions that determine their functions within the cell. Groves says that any technique requiring direct adsorption of a molecule of interest onto a nanoantenna intrinsically removes that molecule from the functioning ensemble that is the essence of its natural behavior. The technique he and his co-authors have developed allows them to look at individual biomolecules but within the context of their surrounding community.

"The idea that optical nanoantennas can produce the kinds of enhanced signals we are observing has been known for years but this is the first time that nanoantennas have been fabricated into a fluid membrane so that we can observe every molecule in the system as it passes through the antenna array," Groves says. "This is more than a proof-of-concept we've shown that we now have a useful new tool to add to our repertoire."

This research was primarily supported by the DOE Office of Science.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

---

Journal Reference:

1. T. Lohm?ller, L. Iversen, M. Schmidt, C. Rhodes, H.-L. Tu, W.-C. Lin, J. T. Groves. Single Molecule Tracking on Supported Membranes with Arrays of Optical Nanoantennas. Nano Letters, 2012; 12 (3): 1717 DOI: 10.1021/nl300294b

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120323205510.htm

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T-Mobile cutting a net 1,900 call-center jobs

In this March 18, 2008 photo, a T-Mobile retail store is shown in Times Square in New York. T-Mobile USA Inc. announced Thursday, March 22, 2012, that it is cutting 1,900 jobs nationwide as it consolidates its call centers in an effort to cut costs and remain competitive. The jobs represent nearly half of the total number of people it employs at its call centers. (AP Photo/Mark Lennihan)

In this March 18, 2008 photo, a T-Mobile retail store is shown in Times Square in New York. T-Mobile USA Inc. announced Thursday, March 22, 2012, that it is cutting 1,900 jobs nationwide as it consolidates its call centers in an effort to cut costs and remain competitive. The jobs represent nearly half of the total number of people it employs at its call centers. (AP Photo/Mark Lennihan)

BELLEVUE, Wash. (AP) ? Cellphone carrier T-Mobile USA Inc. said Thursday that it is cutting 1,900 jobs nationwide as it consolidates its call centers in an effort to reduce costs and remain competitive.

Seven of its 24 call centers will be closed by the end of June. About 3,300 people work at the centers slated to be shuttered, but T-Mobile said it plans to hire up to 1,400 people at the remaining 17 centers.

The call centers slated for closure are in Allentown, Pa.; Fort Lauderdale, Fla.; Frisco, Texas; Brownsville, Texas; Lenexa, Kansas; Thornton, Colo. and Redmond, Ore.

The company said that workers whose jobs are eliminated will have a chance to transfer to the remaining call centers.

"These are not easy steps to take, but they are necessary to realize efficiency in order to invest for growth," Philipp Humm, T-Mobile CEO and president said in a statement.

T-Mobile, based in Bellevue, Wash., is the smallest of the four national carriers and is dealing with steep subscriber loses, resulting in fewer calls to its call centers.

In last year's fourth quarter, T-Mobile lost a net 802,000 subscribers on contract-based plans, which are the most lucrative. It is the only national carrier not offering the iPhone, the popular Apple Inc. device now carried by all three of the company's larger rivals.

In addition, a $39 billion bid by AT&T Corp. to take over T-Mobile was thwarted last year by antitrust concerns.

T-Mobile said it will restructure other parts of its business during the second quarter. That includes plans announced previously to modernize its network, add new technology and hire more sales staff. The company employs about 36,000 people.

It announced in February that it will revamp its wireless data network this year, making it compatible with iPhones and other smartphones.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/495d344a0d10421e9baa8ee77029cfbd/Article_2012-03-22-T-Mobile-Job%20Cuts/id-ad2dd213d30949ba9c83a0c9ad49fadb

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Minecraft XBLA, Fable Heroes release dates and more announced as part of Microsoft's Arcade Next promotion

Microsoft announced it is grouping a handful of its most anticipated Xbox Live Arcade games for a new ?Arcade Next? spring promotion.

The event will see a new XBLA game released from Microsoft Studios every wednesday from April 18 to May 9. The first game out of the gate will be RedLynx's Trials Evolution (1200 Microsoft Points), followed by Climax's Bloodforge on April 25 (1200 MSPs). Rounding out the promo will be Lionhead Studios' Fable Heroes (800 MSPs) and Mojang's little known DIY block title, Minecraft: Xbox 360 Edition on May 9 (1600 MSPs).

Minecraft is by far the most expensive title in the ?Arcade Next? lineup at $20, but that should in no way stop hordes of non-PC fans from getting a hold of the port. As for the promo's other headliner, Fable Heroes, $10 seems like a good deal for a fairly high profile spin-off. Read our impressions of Lionhead Studios' XBLA exclusive in GR's article, Fable Heroes preview - first look at the Albion themed beat 'em up.

Microsoft also reminded fans that April marks the expansion of XBLA's achievement scoring system (read: Xbox Live Arcade games are about the double your Gamerscore). Starting next month, the limit on XBLA achievement scores will be upped to 400, which will include up to 30 unlockable achievements.

Source: http://www.gamesradar.com/minecraft-xbla-fable-heroes-release-dates-and-more-announced-part-microsofts-arcade-next-promotion/

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Diplomats: UN to back Annan's Syria peace plan

UNITED NATIONS (AP) ? U.N. Security Council diplomats said Wednesday they have agreed on a council statement backing envoy Kofi Annan's efforts to end the yearlong bloodshed in Syria.

The nonbinding statement calls for a cease-fire in Syria and opening conflict areas to humanitarian aid.

Diplomats, speaking on condition of anonymity prior to a public announcement, said the nonbinding presidential statement would be read at an open meeting of the council Wednesday morning.

The governments of the 15 council nations had been given until 9 a.m. (1300 GMT) Wednesday to raise any objections to the text of the statement. Diplomats said none had done so.

In a bid to win support from Russia and China, which have twice vetoed European and U.S.-backed resolutions condemning President Bashar Assad's crackdown on protesters, France watered down its proposed Security Council statement.

The original draft would have called on the council to review implementation of Annan's proposal in seven days and consider "further measures" ? which could include sanctions or military action ? if there wasn't sufficient progress.

But a revised draft circulated late Tuesday and obtained by The Associated Press dropped that threat and instead asks Annan to update the council regularly on the progress of his mission.

"In the light of these reports, the Security Council will consider further steps as appropriate," the new draft said.

A presidential statement, which needs approval from all 15 Security Council members, becomes part of the council's permanent record. It is stronger than a press statement, which does not. But unlike resolutions, neither statement is legally binding.

U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said Tuesday that the Syria crisis is the most pressing issue facing the world.

"We have no time to waste, no time to lose. Just one minute, one hour delay will mean more and more people dead," Ban told reporters in the Indonesian city of Bogor, his first stop on an Asian tour.

The revised draft was discussed hours after Russia's Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said Moscow is ready to support a U.N. resolution endorsing Annan's plan for settling the Syrian crisis. But Lavrov warned that a resolution shouldn't turn into an ultimatum to the Syrian government.

Russia and China have twice vetoed resolutions condemning Syria's crackdown, in which the U.N. estimates more than 8,000 people have died. They called the resolutions unbalanced and said they demanded an end only to government attacks, not ones by the opposition. Moscow also argued that the resolutions promoted regime change in Syria and feared outside intervention to support the rebels, as happened in Libya.

The Kremlin has also offered strong support to Annan, a former U.N. secretary-general who is the joint U.N. and Arab League special envoy to Syria. Lavrov said over the weekend that Annan's plan doesn't contain a demand for Assad to step down.

One of the sticking points among Russia, Syria and the West is the sequencing of a cease-fire. Syria says the opposition must lay down its arms first. Russia says the government and opposition must stop fighting simultaneously. Western countries insist that since Assad's forces started fighting first and are responsible for most of the killings, they must stop first.

The revised draft resolution would require the Syrian government to immediately stop troop movements and halt the use of heavy weapons in populated areas. As these actions are taking place, it says the government should work with Annan to bring about a halt to violence under U.N. supervision.

The draft says Annan should seek similar commitments from the opposition ? with no mention of a time frame.

It would commit Assad's government to work with Annan "in an inclusive Syrian-led political process to address the legitimate aspirations and concerns of the Syrian people," and both sides "to work in good faith with the envoy towards a peaceful settlement of the Syrian crisis."

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/diplomats-un-back-annans-syria-peace-plan-132311509.html

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Obama, GOP vie for upper hand on energy

President Barack Obama speaks after touring Sempra's Copper Mountain Solar 1 facility, Wednesday, March 21, 2012, in Boulder City, Nev. The president is defending his energy agenda this week, traveling Wednesday not only to the solar panel plant in Nevada, but also later to oil and gas fields in New Mexico and the site of a future oil pipeline in Oklahoma. (AP Photo/Julie Jacobson)

President Barack Obama speaks after touring Sempra's Copper Mountain Solar 1 facility, Wednesday, March 21, 2012, in Boulder City, Nev. The president is defending his energy agenda this week, traveling Wednesday not only to the solar panel plant in Nevada, but also later to oil and gas fields in New Mexico and the site of a future oil pipeline in Oklahoma. (AP Photo/Julie Jacobson)

President Barack Obama points to the sun while touring Sempra's Copper Mountain Solar 1 facility, Wednesday, March 21, 2012, in Boulder City, Nev. Also with Obama are company officials John Sowers, left, and Jeffrey Martin, right, CEO, Sempra U.S. Gas & Power. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)

President Barack Obama, center, listens to Jeffrey Martin, CEO of Sempra U.S. Gas & Power during a tour at Sempra's Copper Mountain Solar 1 facility in Boulder City, Nev.,Wednesday, March, 21, 2012. Walking behind them are company official John Sowers and Kevin Gillespie.(AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)

President Barack Obama speaks at Copper Mountain Solar 1 Facility in Boulder City, Nev., Wednesday, March, 21, 2012. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)

President Barack Obama, center, points towards the sun during his tour at Copper Mountain Solar 1 Facility in Boulder City, Nev.,Wednesday, March, 21, 2012. With Obama are from left to right. John Sowers and Kevin Gillespie, in operations at Sempra U.S. Gas & Power, and Jeffrey Martin, CEO of Sempra U.S. Gas & Power. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)

BOULDER CITY, Nev. (AP) ? Wooing a nation of increasingly angry motorists, President Barack Obama and his Republican rivals are all plunging into gas-pump politics, seeking the upper hand as energy becomes a driving issue in the election campaign.

The president is defending his energy agenda this week, traveling Wednesday to a solar panel plant in Nevada and later to oil and gas fields in New Mexico and the site of a future oil pipeline in Oklahoma that the White House is promising to accelerate. At the same time, GOP opponents from front-runner Mitt Romney on down are vigorously accusing him of stifling domestic production and betting on foolhardy alternative energy methods over traditional oil drilling.

With gasoline reaching $3.86 a gallon in the U.S. and apparently heading higher, the public is impatient for Obama ? or someone in his place ? to do something about it.

In truth, a president has little direct control over gas prices, which have risen more than 50 cents a gallon since January in response to a standoff over Iran's nuclear program that has threatened to disrupt Middle East oil supplies.

Well aware of Republicans' criticism, Obama's advisers argue that voters take a sophisticated view toward energy and think about it as a problem demanding long-term answers. They know that talk about future solutions may not satisfy people as they endure high prices, but they're betting that voters will side with the candidate they trust the most to deal with the issue ? and they're determined that that will be Obama.

Polls show less certainty about it all. One survey this month by CBS News and The New York Times found that 54 percent of Americans felt the price of gasoline was something a president could do a lot about while 36 percent said it was beyond his control. And a recent Washington Post/ABC poll found 50 percent thought the Obama administration could reasonably do something to bring down gas prices, while 45 percent felt the recent rapid rise has been beyond White House control.

Obama has repeatedly argued that drilling for new oil alone will not solve the nation's energy woes or reduce gas prices. He accuses Republicans of claiming they can "wave a magic wand" to return to the days of cheap gas, and on Wednesday, he mocked them for having a "lack of imagination" about alternative energy.

"You'd think that everybody would be supportive of solar power," Obama said from the Copper Mountain Solar 1 facility, the largest plant of its kind in the country, with nearly 1 million solar panels. "And yet if some politicians had their way, there won't be any more public investment in solar energy. There won't be as many new jobs."

Obama carried three of the four states on this week's itinerary ? Oklahoma is one of the safest Republican states in the nation ? but all four elected Republican governors in 2010. Two of the governors, Brian Sandoval of Nevada and Susana Martinez of New Mexico, have been floated as potential vice presidential choices this year. Obama was making his first visit to Oklahoma as president

He has been hurt by his administration's decision to pump millions into California solar company Solyndra before it collapsed. And he's been repeatedly criticized by Republican presidential candidates for blocking the 1,700-mile Keystone XL pipeline, which would carry tar sands oil from western Canada to refineries along the Texas Gulf Coast.

The mere mention of Solyndra and Keystone generate instant reactions at Republican rallies.

Romney has blamed Obama for rising gasoline prices and urged the president to fire Energy Secretary Steven Chu, Interior Secretary Ken Salazar and Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Lisa Jackson, calling them the "gas hike trio."

Former House Speaker Newt Gingrich has adopted $2.50 gasoline as a central tenet of his struggling campaign, criticizing Obama for holding up the pipeline project and mocking him as "President Algae" for highlighting research into developing oil and gas from algae.

Former Pennsylvania Sen. Rick Santorum, meanwhile, regularly notes his grandfather's work as a coal miner. And he detoured his campaign to tour oil fields in North Dakota recently, labeling himself the only ardent supporter of oil drilling.

"Instead of paying two-digit dollars you're now paying three digits," Santorum said in Illinois. "When you see that zero come up, when it gets into the $100 range, when you see that zero, think of 'O' for Obama because that's why you're paying that extra amount of money."

On Wednesday, Santorum campaigned at a company in Harvey, La., that services oil rigs in the Gulf of Mexico. He pressed the administration to open more federal lands for leases that he says would both generate revenue for the government and boost U.S. oil production.

"Here's an opportunity for us in this country to do something about it: increasing jobs, lowering energy prices, decreasing the deficit, all of the things you would think he president of the United States would be for," Santorum said.

In many ways, the issue has come full circle for the president. In 2008, candidate Obama criticized an inside-the-Beltway culture for the rise in gasoline prices. "So what have we got for all that experience? Gas that's approaching $4 a gallon. Because you can fight all you want inside of Washington, but unless you change the way it works you won't be able to make the changes America needs," Obama said at an Indianapolis gas station in April 2008.

Now he's the president.

From the sprawling solar plant in Nevada, Obama was traveling to New Mexico later in the day to tour oil and gas production fields, promoting increased drilling on federal lands.

On Thursday, Obama will use Cushing, Okla., as a backdrop to highlight the decision by Calgary-based TransCanada to build a portion of the Keystone pipeline from Oklahoma to Texas. The 485-mile line from Cushing to Port Arthur, Texas, doesn't require presidential approval because the pipeline does not cross a U.S. border.

The White House announced Wednesday that Obama plans to fast-track the pipeline.

Administration officials have said the Oklahoma-to-Texas line could address an oil bottleneck at a Cushing storage hub, but the argument may not fly in Oklahoma, where President George W. Bush and Sen. John McCain carried all 77 counties in the 2004 and 2008 presidential elections.

"It's a PR stunt and Oklahomans aren't buying it ? the president is celebrating his failed energy policies in a community that will be hardest hit by them," said Rep. John Sullivan, R-Okla.

Obama wraps up his trip with a stop in Ohio, a key state in November, where he will discuss advanced energy research and development at Ohio State University.

Obama has few options to dramatically alter gas prices. Beyond green-lighting Keystone or opening up more oil drilling in Alaska or in the Gulf of Mexico, Justice Department officials could accelerate efforts to crack down on speculation in the oil markets, a move that the administration has discussed.

The White House could also tap the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, something it has said it would do only along with action by other countries. The U.S. released oil from its reserve last summer but saw little impact. Oil prices dropped nearly 5 percent when the government announced the release of 30 million barrels from the SPR on July 23, but prices quickly rebounded and oil ended the year higher than it started.

"Is there a lot that can be done in the short term that can have a huge impact? The answer to that is no," said William Galston, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institute and a former domestic policy adviser to President Bill Clinton. Yet he cautioned, "I don't think a posture of simply saying that and being the voice of responsibility in a rising political clamor is going to serve the White House politically well."

Republicans are trying to make sure of that. Ahead of the president's trip, the Republican-leaning super PAC Crossroads GPS was spending $650,000 on TV ads in Las Vegas, Albuquerque, N.M., and Columbus, Ohio, criticizing Obama's handling of energy policy and the Keystone XL pipeline.

___

Associated Press writers Jennifer Agiesta, Kasie Hunt, Steve Peoples, Brian Bakst and Jim Kuhnhenn contributed to this report.

___

Follow Ken Thomas on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/AP_Ken_Thomas

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/89ae8247abe8493fae24405546e9a1aa/Article_2012-03-21-US-Campaign-Energy/id-6933ea2589934db496405aebc2e0fd8c

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Small practical steps may offer best way to reach consensus on ...

National policy in the UK regarding supporting people with learning disabilities has focused on personalising support, improving social inclusion and the removal of obstacles relating to access to education, employment, healthcare and housing. The authors of the current study suggest that there has been significant progress in these areas, but when looking at the area of relationships and sexuality, that there has been much less progress. A number of studies have shown that for many people with learning disabilities, there continues to be considerable confusion about sexuality and significant gaps in their knowledge

The authors point out that opportunities to participate in relationships and sexuality education can be constrained by attitudes and perceptions of family carers, support workers and professional staff. The current study in Northern Ireland looked at how those barriers might be reduced. The researchers looked at a sample of people drawn from each of the three groups mentioned above. They worked with around 100 people using group and individual interviews.

They found that there was a good deal of agreement about the need for people with learning disabilities to be involved in relationships and sexuality education, but that four barriers to achieving this were consistently mentioned in the responses:

• the need to protect vulnerable persons;
• the lack of training;
• the scarcity of educational resources;
• cultural prohibitions.

The authors suggest that the impact of these barriers could be lessened through partnership working across all groups and the provision of training and information about relationships an sexuality education. They also recommend work on the development of risk management procedures and the further empowerment of people with learning disabilities. For example, respondents to the study assumed that they would be instigating training, rather than responding to requests. People with learning disabilities are not party to the same sources of information as their non-disabled peers and therefore often rely on others to identify and respond to their needs.

The authors suggest that an empowerment strategy may begin to reverse this and that advocacy groups may have a role to play in the provision of training courses for their members and that the use of peer tutors, trained and supported may also help.

They conclude that small practical steps taken by the stakeholders would offer the best way to reach a consensus on relationship and sexuality education for people with learning disabilities and to ensure better practice and provision of such training.

Reducing the barriers to relationships and sexuality education for persons with intellectual disabilities, Laferty A et al., in Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 16, 1, 29-43

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Source: http://www.weldblog.net/2012/03/21/small-practical-steps-may-offer-best-way-to-reach-consensus-on-relationship-and-sexuality-education-for-people-with-learning-disabilities/

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Video: Balloons float above Aztec pyramids

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Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21134540/vp/46784711#46784711

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Forums - addictedtotravel.com

The Five Bestmodest prom dresses Locations For Stand Up Paddle Boarding

Recreation and Sports: Boating ? Published: April 6, 2011

Stand up paddle boarding is a great alternative to surfing when theshort prom dress

surf is a little small. Stand up paddle boarding is also more versatile as you can use your paddle board in the ocean out in the surf, as well as paddle up rivers or

in lakes. If you want to enjoy your board out on the ocean then there are some stand out locations around the world.
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Recreation and Sports: Extreme ? Published: February 21, 2011

What you eat before your session can make a real differenceprom dresses under 200

to your SUP experience. It can help you to call on the energy and stamina required to keep going as long as the waves keep coming in. Without it you could find

yourself sitting on quinceanera dressesthe shore watching everyone else having a ball on their

paddle boards because you didn't prepare well. Just as you would fuel your car, you need to fuel your body.
Paddle Your Way to Better Fitness

Recreation and Sports: Boating ? cheap quinceanera dressesPublished: February 21, 2011

With the ability to dramatically lift our mood, reduce stress and improve our self-confidence, we all know that regular exercise should be an important part of our

daily lives. But between juggling family, friends and long hoursbeach wedding dresses

at work, it can be difficult to find something that motivates us enough to take time out of our everyday demands to keep doing it.
How Stand Up Paddle Boarding Can Benefit You

Recreation and Sports ? Published: January 31, 2011

Stand Up Paddle Boarding offers you a fantastic all over workout, as you use both strength and balance to stay upright and move yourself through the water. The

intensity of your workout will vary, depending on where you use your little black dress

paddle board. Paddling upstream in a river or out in the ocean with the current and the waves will mean a more intense work out. If you spend more time drifting

with the tide then you will have a more gentle training session.x123

Source: http://www.addictedtotravel.com/community/forums/yaf_postst1104_paddle-board.aspx

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Natural Stone on sale Tile Base Shower Area Bathroom ...

General Construction Pro ?? N?w Jersey Home Improvement/ Remodeling Contractor, located ?n Kendall Park, N?w Jersey, ?? th? fastest growing General Construction Pro ?? N?w Jersey Home Improvement/ Remodeling Contractor company ?n th? NJ area. W? specialize ?n everything fr?m * Additions * Bathroom Remodeling * Basement Remodeling * Drywall ?nd Sheetrock * Counter tops /Cabinets * Kitchen Remodeling * Painting ? Interior ?nd Exterior * Tile * Ceramic * Porcelain Natural Stone * Travertine * Marble * Granite * Glass ?nd Mosaic * Decks ?nd Porches * Concrete Brick ?nd Stone * Basement Remodeling * Skylights, Windows, Doors, Roofing, ?nd more ?nd home remodeling. On Th? General Construction Pro ?? a family oriented company th?t ?? n?t afraid t? ??t ??r name ?n th? line. W? believe ?n building a personal relationship w?th ???r? client th?t w?ll last a lifetime. W? ?r? ready t? provide a solution t? ?ll ?f ???r household maintenance, home improvement ?nd remodeling needs. Call ?nd speak w?th one ?f ??r home improvement ?nd remodeling specialists today! Small ?r b?g jobs w? w?ll d? ?t ?ll. General Construction Home Improvement ?nd Remodeling

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Getting The Most Out Of Your Internet Host | Tips and Tricks

Have you been contemplating starting up an organization and introducing a site to find the ball rolling? Perhaps you have planned out correct website holding, website name indexing, signing up a FQDN, system topology, and 3rd-party style application? In case you started to be lost anyplace together that checklist, you might want to read this short article before you continue.

Be sure when you would like a web hosting organization that they do frequent host backups for the sites which they manage. It?s finest if they get it done regular however, many will be more noted for doing the work month-to-month. Either way you need to be sure that they are achieving this so that you don?t get rid of essential information and facts in the event you decide to indicator on because of their company.

Steer clear of cost-free internet holding from businesses that never ask you to area advertising in your internet site. Although totally free hosting with no advertisements seems excellent, this company requires to earn money in some way. Steer clear of the surprise that could come when the web hosting organization unexpectedly went from business and shut down. Choose a net hosting firm which includes stableness, a solid profits flow and very good organization history.

In the event you experience any difficulties, you ought to have access to support at any hour through the day. Should you be placed on carry or no one may help you along with your matter, think of converting to a different variety with a much better support services and competent staff.

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Make certain you have backups for your web site! You can get a web hosting organization that can back up your files every single night, and you simply really need to have this. You need your website documents, databases, e-emails, and also your household directory supported up over a consistent basis in the event a thing goes incorrect.

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Source: http://tipsatricks.com/getting-the-most-out-of-your-internet-host-2

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PBP ? Food and Drink ? Musings of Coffee

Mar16

Huzzah! I?m on time! *dances*

Anyway, I shall be discussing Food and Drink.

Food actually plays an important part during rituals, as it is used to replenish yourself after working your magick (even if you did not use a spell) as well as being an offering to the Lord and Lady.

It is usually best to tie your food in with the time of year. If it is around the Summer Solstice, then eat summery foods.

The most common drink used during rituals is wine, but I?m not a big fan of wine, so I usually use fruit juice or water. Drink is also used as an offering to the Lord and Lady.

Not sure what else to put, so I shall leave it there.

Merry Part, and DFTBA!
- Gina x

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Source: http://ginaiswin.wordpress.com/2012/03/16/pbp-foo/

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Bad credit Re-finance Refinance in Better Terminology | Fitness First ...

Receiving a remortgage having adverse credit can be a daunting process which is becoming increasingly an extensive symptom in British isles. An adverse credit remortgage is a form of home loan that?s in particular utilised by folks who suffer from undesirable comments into their credit score.

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Even though applying for a detrimental credit history remortgage your customer should confront 2 types of situations. Inside the 1st circumstance while he?s got a detrimental credit standing from him he is able to offer you something like a family house or even property equity being a equity for the remortgage. Inside subsequent circumstance your customer together with the adverse credit background hasn?t got something to offer you since equity and the value of equity is not enough so that the loan.

The lenders when they discover that they can get something since equity to the remortgage offer you tend to be quick throughout financial as compared to circumstances in which they need to provide loans solely on the basis of credit reliability from the customer. The creditors are comfortable by the fact that should the customer non-payments throughout payments they can take your equity. Depending on the equity as well as credit reliability creditors repair interest levels financial total as well as the reimbursement daily activities.

Remortgaging will involve transforming your home loan with out transforming the current house or even property. Bad credit remortgage can be used as acquiring a superior deal upon home loan coming from a various loan company. It may also be used to receive an improved deal upon home loan from the existing loan company. Bad credit mortgage doubles to provide funds or to have a loan on the greater equity in home or even property. They are very beneficial throughout bringing together existing debt via various places straight into a unitary manageable loan. Unexpected emergency expenditures just like the acquiring a motor vehicle any occasion a few renovation or even healthcare charges may be backed by these remortgages.

Acquiring a detrimental credit history remortgage to finance these expenditures is regarded as a wise alternative since remortgage provides reduce interest levels and straightforward reimbursement options as compared to some other strategies to asking for.

Those with adverse credit ought to be very thorough even though having a remortgage. Mortgage creditors throughout British isles tend to be contracting them having larger interest levels as well as not reasonable conditions and terms.

Remortgaging will involve several service fees which increase the expense of the process. You will discover beginning payoff fines reappraisal involving property legal representative service fees office as well as conveyance costs which have being considered even though using a detrimental credit history remortgage. The reality that any customer comes with an adverse credit ranking makes all the circumstance more serious pertaining to him. As being the financial current market throughout British isles is incredibly reasonably competitive your customer is mandatory to search all around pertaining to creditors that offer absolutely nothing merchandise service fees cash back cost-free simple property appraisal as well as minimum fee pertaining to authorized and also other expenses. An excellent loan company exactly who gives adverse credit remortgage will negotiate the best possible deal upon early repayment fines because of its consumer. Obtaining this type of loan company is not easy but in the long run it?s going to be well worth the work.

For most people as we possess something to present since equity obtaining a detrimental credit history remortgage will be really simple. The revolutionary loan company will ask for all your paperwork and take care of your procedures. When every thing moves efficiently it wont require much time to have a detrimental credit history remortgage.

Source: http://www.fitness4winners.info/2012/03/16/bad-credit-re-finance-refinance-in-better-terminology/

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APNewsBreak: Isle Royale wolves may go extinct

FILE - In this Feb. 10, 2006, file photo provided by Michigan Technological University, a gray wolf is shown on Isle Royale National Park in northern Michigan. Six decades after gray wolves made their way to the park by crossing a Lake Superior ice bridge from Canada, the population is on the verge of dying out. Scientists who lead one of the world's longest studies of predator and prey in a closed ecosystem say just nine wolves remain on the wilderness island park. (AP Photo/Michigan Technological University, John Vucetich)

FILE - In this Feb. 10, 2006, file photo provided by Michigan Technological University, a gray wolf is shown on Isle Royale National Park in northern Michigan. Six decades after gray wolves made their way to the park by crossing a Lake Superior ice bridge from Canada, the population is on the verge of dying out. Scientists who lead one of the world's longest studies of predator and prey in a closed ecosystem say just nine wolves remain on the wilderness island park. (AP Photo/Michigan Technological University, John Vucetich)

TRAVERSE CITY, Mich. (AP) ? Isle Royale National Park's gray wolves, one of the world's most closely monitored predator populations, are at their lowest ebb in more than a half-century and could die out within a few years, scientists said Friday.

Only nine wolves still wander the wilderness island chain in western Lake Superior and just one is known to be a female, raising doubts they'll bounce back from a recent free-fall unless people lend a hand, Michigan Tech University wildlife biologists Rolf Peterson and John Vucetich said in a report obtained by The Associated Press. There were 24 wolves ? roughly their long-term average number ? as recently as 2009.

"The wolves are at grave risk of extinction," Vucetich said in an interview.

Their crash apparently results from a run of bad luck rather than a single catastrophe. A shortage of females has cut the birth rate, while breakdown of several packs boosted inbreeding and weakened the gene pool. Other troubles include disease and starvation from a drop-off of moose, the wolves' primary food source.

Their population is the smallest since biologists began observing their interactions with moose in 1958, beginning what became the world's longest-running study of predators and prey in a single ecosystem, Vucetich said. Previously, the closest they came to extinction was during a parvovirus outbreak in the 1980s when their numbers plummeted from 50 to 12.

Unless the wolves rebound quickly, the National Park Service will face the thorny question of whether to intervene. Officials could bring in reinforcements from the mainland to salvage the existing population. Or they could let nature take its course and, if the wolves die, start over with a new group. They also could leave it to the wolves to repopulate the island if they can.

Agency experts have begun analyzing their options, Isle Royale Superintendent Phyllis Green said.

"We don't want to make a decision based on a single species without evaluating the effects on other species that have been a part of the ecosystem through time," Green said.

Scientists believe the island's first moose swam there from the Canadian mainland, 15 miles away, in the early 20th century and were so prolific that the island's balsam firs, aspens and other trees were severely overbrowsed. Wolves crossed an ice bridge to the island around 1950 and eventually formed packs that helped keep moose numbers in check.

Although wolf sightings are rare, their presence is treasured by park visitors who hope to catch a glimpse on a backcountry trail or hear their eerie howls at night.

"People like to know the wolves are there," said Peterson, who joined the study team in 1970. "It could be argued that this is the wolf's greatest refuge in the world. It's the only place they've never been killed by human beings."

Because Isle Royale is a federal wilderness area, hunting and trapping are prohibited.

Vucetich, Peterson and other scientists spend seven weeks on the island each winter, monitoring the wolves and moose by air. During their recently concluded visit, they discovered the wolf population had dropped from 16 last year to nine. The only intact pack had six members. One wolf wandered alone, while a couple ? including the only known female ? staked out territory and apparently mated.

The wolves' best hope may be that the female will bear a healthy litter of pups next month and help form a new pack, Peterson said. Another positive sign: moose numbers rose from an estimated 515 last year to about 750. But a shortage remains of elderly moose that are easiest for wolves to kill.

Prospects are increasingly remote that more wolves will find their way to Isle Royale without help, Vucetich said. A male is believed to have made the crossing on an ice bridge in the late 1990s and sired offspring, temporarily reinvigorating the gene pool. But a study published last week found that Great Lakes ice cover has declined 71 percent over the past 40 years.

Vucetich and Peterson said they'd prefer to let the wolves determine their own fate ? even if it means extinction. But if that happens, the park service should airlift more wolves to the island to prevent moose from running rampant and damaging the ecosystem, they said.

Otherwise, "we'd be taking a vital wilderness and turning it into an overstocked barnyard," Peterson said.

Restoring wolves also would enable continuation of the study, which has yielded a wealth of discoveries about both species, he said.

In an essay scheduled for publication next month, Peterson and Vucetich acknowledge some scientists consider it unethical for humans to manipulate wildlife populations in wilderness areas. But they contend people have already changed Isle Royale's environment and the primary consideration should be protecting the ecosystem, for which wolves are essential as long as long as there are moose.

David Mech, a wolf expert with the U.S. Geological Survey, advocated a hands-off policy unless the wolves die out. Even in their diminished state, they could last a decade or more and may pull a surprise comeback, he said.

"This is a really unique opportunity to see what they can do," Mech said. "If there's any intervention, it destroys that potential."

But if more wolves were brought in before the existing ones disappear, they could interbreed to the benefit of all, said Philip Hedrick, an Arizona State University conservation biologist.

"Having the wolf eliminated for some period of time may result in secondary effects that would make it difficult to re-establish a population," he said.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/b2f0ca3a594644ee9e50a8ec4ce2d6de/Article_2012-03-16-Isle%20Royale%20Wolves/id-ad38201635c64eeaac8b6e1ff1e7dfc2

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